Abstract
Partially double-filled skutterudites were prepared via encapsulated melting and hot pressing processes. The skutterudite phase was successfully synthesized through partial double filling of La/Yb and substitution of Co. A small quantity of secondary phase (marcasite FeSb₂) was formed, but its formation was suppressed by increasing Co charge compensation. The marcasite..... More

Abstract
Fe(III) can be easily extracted from weak acidic solutions by organophosphorus extractants, but stripping a large amount of Fe(III) from the loaded extractants is very difficult. The extraction and stripping of Fe(III) from 2 pH chloride and sulfate solutions was performed with ionic liquids(ILs) and organophosphorus acidic extractants, and the..... More

Abstract
Rails are subjected to repeated stresses due to wheel-rail contact during train service. Rails under stress conditions undergo microstructural changes, and these cause degradations of the structural integrity and lifetime of rails. In this study, three different rails (newly-manufactured rail, newly-manufactured head-hardened rail, and worn (used) rail) were compared to..... More

Abstract
To attain high life standards, it is important to develop high-performance non-toxic gas sensors for public safety, environmental pollutant control, industrial processes, etc. Because reports on single element semiconductor-coated semiconducting metal oxides for sensing applications are rare, we synthesized SnO₂ nanowires and coated them with a 5 nm-thick or 10..... More

Abstract
Resistance Element Welding (REW) is a novel processing technology developed to join dissimilar materials such as aluminum and steel. It uses an auxiliary steel rivet (element) inserted into an aluminum sheet that forms a resistance spot weld with the steel sheet, and the aluminum work piece is mechanically joined by..... More

Abstract
The dehydrogenation rates of graphene-added Mg (named Mg-5graphene) were very low at 573 K and 593 K. Ni was added to increase the dehydrogenation rates of graphene-added Mg. Samples (designated as Mg-2.5Ni-2.5graphene) with a composition of 95 wt% Mg + 2.5 wt% Ni + 2.5 wt% graphene were prepared by..... More

Abstract
We employed spark plasma sintering (SPS) in the presence of sintering aids to fabricate high-quality Ho³⁺,Yb³⁺-co-doped Y₂O₃ transparent ceramics suitable for use as a laser gain medium, and analyzed their microstructure and optical properties. Ho³⁺,Yb³⁺-co-doped Y₂O₃ transparent ceramics with different contents of Yb³⁺ were fabricated by SPS and exhibited high..... More

Abstract
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of bulk AlN was performed with colloidal silica slurry at pH 9 for different times. The result shows that colloidal silica slurry at pH 9, which has the relatively high surface charge of -50.7 mV is most stable, and it was selected as chemically optimum condition..... More

Abstract
Alloys of Fe-12Cr-0.3C-4Mn-(13, 14, 15)Cu (wt%) were cast using an induction furnace. They were structurally heterogeneous composites that consisted of a relatively stiff α-Fe matrix and a soft (Cu, Mn)-rich secondary phase. They were developed as self-lubricating, wear-resistant metals. Since the formation of oxides plays an important role in wear,..... More

Abstract
In this study, an eco-friendly pretreatment process was developed to recycle titanium turning scraps and ferro-titanium ingots with low gaseous impurities were prepared using recycled titanium turning scraps. The amount of gaseous impurities of titanium scraps before removing the machining oils on the surface was as high as 20000 ppm...... More

Abstract
A Cu composite reinforced by a three-dimensionally interconnected graphene network was synthesized in situ by a simple two-step process utilizing compacted Cu powder (99% purity) as a template for the growth of graphene. Cu composites with different graphene contents were obtained by controlling the processing parameters. The composites were approximated..... More

Abstract
ZnO 50 nm/Ag 10 nm/SnO₂ 50 nm (ZAS) tri-layer films were deposited on a glass substrate by RF and DC magnetron sputtering and then underwent rapid thermal annealing in a low vacuum of 1×10^-3 Torr to investigate the effects of post-deposition annealing on the optical and electrical properties of the..... More

Abstract
Hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) behavior was analyzed for gas metal arc (GMA) and laser beam (LB) welds on American Petroleum Institute (API) X65 steel. The GMA welds consisted of acicular ferrite (AF) with some widmanstatten ferrite (WF), while the LB welds had bainitic ferrite (BF) with some AF. The welds and..... More

Abstract
In this work, the angular distribution of the sputtered Cu flux in a long throw sputtering (LTS) system is extracted from the comparison of experimentally-measured profiles of deposited films with simulated profiles of films in overhang contact structure. And effects of the sputtering process parameters such as Ar pressure during..... More

Abstract
This paper discusses a molybdenum-added alloy design for normalized pressure vessel steels, to reduce hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and inhibit crack propagation. The change in microstructure produced by the modified alloy composition was analyzed to determine its effect on HIC characteristics. The microstructural change was observed by optical microscopy, hardness..... More

Abstract
We demonstrate a synthetic route to high-quality Sn microcrystals using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a hydrogen-reducing atmosphere. During thermal CVD with SnO2 powder, a mixture of Ar and H2 (4%) gases was used as a carrier gas to maintain a hydrogen reduction environment. Hydrogen maintained a reduction environment..... More

Abstract
p-Type (La1−zNdz)0.8Fe4−xCoxSb12 skutterudites were prepared by partial double filling with La/Nd and charge compensation by substituting Co for Fe. The skutterudite phase was successfully synthesized using encapsulated melting, quenching, annealing and hot-pressing processes, but a small amount of the marcasite phase was identified. Partial filling within the filling fraction limit..... More

Abstract
Electrical steel is a soft magnetic steel material used in electric devices such as transformers and motors. The performance of these electric devices is primarily related to the magnetic properties of electrical steel, and the assessment of the magnetic properties of electrical steel has been considered an important topic. We..... More

Abstract
Tetrahedrite Cu12Sb4S13 has low lattice thermal conductivity because of the lone-pair electrons of Sb, which cause the Cu atoms to vibrate at a low frequency and high amplitude. When the Cu atoms of Cu12Sb4S13 are partially substituted with a transition metal, changes in the Cu vibrations can intensify phonon scattering,..... More

Abstract
In this study, we characterize the viscoelastic behavior of polymers using nanoindentation. We applied the indentation representative stress approach and elastic solution to the Maxwell model and determined that there was a linear relationship between the inverses of the initial unloading stiffness and indentation unloading rate. From nanoindentation tests with..... More

Abstract
Higher manganese silicides (HMSs) MnSi1.74-1.75:Gem (m = 0.01–0.04) were prepared by solid-state reaction and hot pressing. The major phases of the HMSs were Mn27Si47 or Mn4Si7, and a small quantity of Si remained, but the intermetallic compound MnSi was not formed. The lattice constant increased with the substitution of Ge..... More

Abstract
Copper leaching from low-grade copper ore samples obtained from two active mines in the US, named conichalcite (sample A) and chalcopyrite (sample B), were studied under different leaching conditions using sulfuric acid and methane sulfonic acid (MSA). The conichalcite, sample A, is calcium-copper arsenite hydroxide [CaCu(AsO4)(OH)] with small amount of..... More

Abstract
ASTM P91 steel (viz. 9Cr-1Mo steel) was hot-dip aluminized to form a ~70 μm thick coating, and was then corroded in N2/0.1%H2S gas for 50 h at 800 and 900 ºC, to study the effect of aluminizing on the corrosion resistance of P91 steel in highly corrosive H2S environments. Before..... More

Abstract
The additive manufacturing (AM) process is a production technology process that has recently attracted attention. Among AM processes, the binder jetting (BJ) method is advantageous because it allows both wide material selection and design freedom. However, the output arrangement, which determines the direction in which the binder is injected during..... More

Abstract
In the present work, MgH2 was doped with Zn(BH4)2, Ni, and/or Ti to improve its hydrogen absorption and release features. Samples were prepared by grinding in a planetary ball mill in a hydrogen atmosphere. To increase the hydrogen absorption and release rates without significantly sacrificing hydrogenstorage capacity the additive percentages..... More

Abstract
During the extraction of metal ions from a weak acidic chloride solution by ionic liquids consisting of an organophosphorus extractant and Aliquat 336, the equilibrium pH is sometimes observed to be higher than the initial pH. To compare the hydrogen ion extraction behavior of tertiary and quaternary amines, Alamine 336,..... More

Abstract
Aluminum dross results from the re-melting of used aluminum cans, and is a valuable resource containing alumina. In general, aluminum dross contains oxides of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si and Ti and some salts. As a continuation of the previous work to recover pure alumina from the dross, the effect..... More

Abstract
The compression process is one of the more widely used industrial manufacturing methods for fabricating desired shape of specimens with various materials such as metals and ceramics. In the compaction process, the upper punch moves into the powder, and force is transmitted between particles, then achieving densification. In this process,..... More

Abstract
Among several candidates for nanoenergetic materials and systems, nanoscale reactive multilayer foils (NRMF) or bimetallic nano-laminates are highly promising candidates. They provide the highly desirable pyrotechnical properties of high energy density and reaction sensitivity as well as flexible tunability. They could be useful in various fields of explosive and propellant..... More

Abstract
A ZnO/TiO2 photocatalyst decorated with PbS quantum dots (QDs) was synthesized to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency for the decomposition of dye in aqueous media. A TiO2 porous layer, as a precursor photocatalyst, was fabricated using micro-arc oxidation, and exhibited irregular porous cells with anatase and rutile crystalline structures. Then, a..... More