Abstract
This study analyzed the current state of technical development of the BF-based process, to determine ways to reduce carbon consumption. The technical features of the hydrogen reduction ironmaking process were also examined as a decarbonized ironmaking method, and related issues that should be considered when converting to hydrogen reduction are..... More

Abstract
Spent electroplating solutions contain small amounts of Pd(II). Cementation of Pd(II) with zinc metal powder is practiced to concentrate the Pd. Dissolution of the cemented Pd metal is necessary to recover pure Pd metal or compounds. In this work, the leaching behavior of Pd metal in inorganic acid solutions (hydrochloric..... More

Abstract
Because of their superior optical, and electrical properties, lead halide perovskites have emerged as potential materials for light-emitting-diodes. However, some obstacles have yet to be overcome for practical applications including low exciton binding energy, the difficulty of fabricating uniform perovskite films,, and their instability to heat, light, and moisture. In..... More

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the phase formation behavior of the FeSe₂-FeTe₂ system and the evolution of their thermoelectric transport properties. A series of Fe(Se_1-xTe_x)₂(x = 0, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8 and 1) compounds were synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction. Single phase orthorhombic structures were formed, except for FeSe_0.4Te_1.6(x = 0.2)...... More

Abstract
Using thermoelectric refrigerators can address climate change because they do not utilize harmful greenhouse gases as refrigerants. To compete with current vapor compression cycle refrigerators, the thermoelectric performance of materials needs to be improved. However, improving thermoelectric performance is challenging because of the trade-off relationship between the Seebeck coefficient and..... More

Abstract
Solution-processed zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have great potential uses in next-generation wearable and flexible electronic products. Zinc and tin precursor materials are naturally abundant and have low fabrication costs. To integrate a single ZTO TFT into logic circuits including inverters, NAND, and NOR gates will require the..... More

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) simultaneously exhibits semiconducting and piezoelectric properties. ZnO in the form of nanorods has been studied intensively for application in self-powering devices. The power generation in piezoelectric nanogenerators based on ZnO nanorods can be improved via several approaches, including an oxygen plasma treatment. When ZnO nanorods are exposed..... More

Abstract
Permingeatites Cu₃Sb_1−yGe_ySe₄ (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.14) were synthesized by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The charge-transport parameters (Hall coefficient, carrier concentration, mobility, and Lorenz number) and thermoelectric properties (electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, power factor, thermal conductivity, and figure of merit) were examined with respect to the Ge doping level...... More

Abstract
Transition-metal-based layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have attracted substantial attention as highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts because they are earth-abundant, low-cost, and environmentally friendly materials with favorable adsorption/desorption energies for intermittent reactants. However, the application of these LDHs as high-performance electrocatalysts is often hindered by their relatively sluggish electronic..... More

Abstract
In recent years, human-convenient smart wearable devices have attracted considerable attention as emerging applications in smart healthcare systems, soft robotics, and human-machine interfaces. In particular, resistive film heaters with mechanical flexibility and excellent mechanical and electrothermal performance have recently been widely explored for wearable thermotherapy applications. Here, we present a..... More

Abstract
Hydrogen flowing into a weld causes hydrogen embrittlement (HE), so to prevent cold cracks in the weld, HE must be suppressed. In this study, single-pass fillet weldments were fabricated using two different welding fillers with the same strength level as the American Welding Society standard. The specimen F-HNi, which had..... More

Abstract
In this study, we report a methodology that simultaneously improved the corrosion resistance and visible transparency of ZnO/Cu/ZnO transparent heaters with the addition of reactively sputtered Al₂O₃ layers. To assess corrosion resistance, ZnO and Al₂O₃ layers with thicknesses in the range of 0-20 nm were deposited onto 20 nm-thick Cu..... More

Abstract
Inkjet printing is a very attractive technology for printed electronics and a potential alternative to current high cost and multi-chemical lithography processes, for display and other applications in the electronics field. Inkjet technology can be employed to fabricate organic light emitting diodes (OLED), quantum dots displays, and thin-film transistors (TFTs)...... More

Abstract
We attempted to classify the microstructural images of spheroidal graphite cast iron and grey cast iron using a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. The CNN comprised four combinations of convolution and pooling layers followed by two fully-connected layers. Numerous microscopic images of each cast iron were prepared to train and..... More

Abstract
The effect of 3 forging routes (Route A - 1~12 passes by plane forging (PF) and reverse-plane forging (R-PF), Route B – 1~6 passes by PF and R-PF, 7~12 passes by diagonal forging (DF) and reversediagonal forging (R-DF), Route C – 1~12 passes by DF and R-DF) on maximum load..... More

Abstract
VCl₃ (vanadium (III) chloride) was selected as an additive to Mg to increase the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation rates and the hydrogen storage capacity of Mg. Instead of MgH₂, Mg was used as a starting material since Mg is cheaper than MgH₂. Samples with a composition of 95 wt% Mg +..... More

Abstract
Nodular graphite cast iron is used in the railway and automobile industries because of its excellent workability, abrasion resistance, mechanical strength, and hardenability. To use nodular graphite cast iron in harsh environments, it is essential to examine their friction–wear properties in conjunction with the surface hardness of the materials. Therefore,..... More

Abstract
The Charpy impact test is used to identify the transition between ductility and brittleness. The percentages of ductile and brittle fractures in steel can be evaluated based on each fracture area, which is presently determined by an analyzer with the naked eye. This method may lead to subjective judgement, and..... More

Abstract
Bipolar electrodialysis was used in a process of desalting a lithium sulfate solution, converting it to lithium hydroxide and sulfuric acid, and concentrating and recovering them. The effects of the experimental variables such as applied voltage, the concentration of electrode solution, the concentration of raw material solution, volume ratio, and..... More