| Title |
A Study on the Mixing Behavior of the Top and Bottom Blown Converter according to the Bottom Blowing Nozzle Pattern using a Water Model |
| Authors |
정연대(Yeon Dae Jeong) ; 강윤배(Youn-Bae Kang) ; 신동엽(Dongyeop Shin) ; 장정목(Jungmock Jang) ; 윤상현(Sanghyeon Yoon) ; 최현수(Hyeon Soo Choi) |
| DOI |
https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2026.64.5.439 |
| ISSN |
1738-8228(ISSN), 2288-8241(eISSN) |
| Keywords |
Top-and-bottom blown converter; Water model; Bottom nozzle pattern; Mixing time |
| Abstract |
In this study, experiments were conducted using a water model to compare the mixing
characteristics within a converter bath according to the number and arrangement of bottom-blowing nozzles
(8 and 10 nozzles, linear and zig-zag patterns, etc.). Various nozzle configurations were applied to an acrylic
converter model scaled to one-fifth of a 300-ton industrial converter, and the homogeneous mixing time was
measured through electrical conductivity variation. As a result, when the same eight nozzles were used,
both pattern B (wider nozzle distribution) and pattern F (zig-zag arrangement) exhibited improved mixing
efficiency and reduced homogeneous mixing time compared to the conventional pattern A. In contrast, in
the case of ten nozzles, only pattern D where both nozzle area and arrangement were optimized showed
a notable reduction in mixing time. Additionally, evaluation under partially clogged nozzle conditions
revealed that the homogeneous mixing time increased proportionally with the number of blocked nozzles.
In conclusion, optimization of the bottom-blowing nozzle arrangement effectively enhanced the mixing
characteristicsof the converter bath, thereby maximizing the metallurgical efficiency of top-and-bottom
blown converter operations. |