Abstract
The microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress of flux-cored arc welded ASTM A516-70N carbon steel using a Mn-based low-temperature transformation (LTT) welding consumable were investigated. Microstructural analysis with X-ray diffraction, an electron backscattered diffractometer and a field-emission scanning electron microscope showed that the LTT weld metal was made up of..... More

Abstract
A method for evaluating residual stress using an instrumented indentation test was developed some decades ago. More recently, another method was developed, using a Knoop indenter. The conversion factor ratio, which is one of the key factors in the evaluation algorithm, has been taken to be 0.34, although this value..... More