Abstract
ZrO₂ is a promising candidate for knee and hip joint replacements due to its excellent combination of low density, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, a low fracture toughness of pure ZrO₂ at room temperature limits its wider application in the industry. One of the most obvious ways to solve the..... More

Abstract
Tungsten carbides are quite attractive for their superior properties, e.g., high melting point, high hardness, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and relatively high chemical stability. Tungsten carbides with a binder metal, for example Co or Ni, are mainly used to produce cutting tools, nozzles and molds in the composite form...... More

Abstract
4YSZ is generally used in fuel cells, oxygen sensors, hip and knee joint replacements and thermal barriers because of it excellent properties, including low density, high biocompatibility, good resistance against corrosion, hard phase and high melting point, and high ionic conductivity. However, 4YSZ with large grain has low resistance to..... More

Abstract
Al₂O₃ has a high Young’s modulus (380 GPa), a low density (3.98 g· cm^-3), good high-temperature mechanical properties, biocompatibility and excellent oxidation resistance. Al₂O₃ has been used for automotive, aerospace, bio-materials and various industrial applications. Despite its various merits, the low fracture toughness of the material below the brittle-ductile transition..... More

Abstract
In spite of the many attractive properties of (W,Ti)C, its low fracture toughness limits its wide application. To improve the fracture toughness generally a second phase is added to fabricate a nanostructured composite. In this regard, graphene was considered as the reinforcing agent of (W,Ti)C. (W,Ti)C-graphene composites that were sintered..... More