Abstract
TiB₂ is considered candidate materials for ultra-high temperature ceramics and cutting tools because of its a high thermal conductivity, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, a high hardness and high melting temperature. Despite these attractive properties, TiB2 applications are limited because it has a low fracture toughness below the brittle-ductile..... More

Abstract
ZrB₂ is considered a candidate material for ultra-high temperature ceramics because of its high thermal conductivity, high melting point, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Despite these attractive properties, ZrB₂ applications are limited by its low fracture toughness below the brittle-ductile transition temperature. To improve its ductile properties, the approach..... More

Abstract
ZrB₂ is considered a candidate material for ultra-high temperature ceramics because of its high thermal conductivity, high melting point, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Despite these attractive properties, applications of ZrB₂ are limited by its low fracture toughness below the brittle-ductile transition temperature. To improve its ductile properties, the..... More

Abstract
Tungsten carbides are very attractive because of their superior properties, e.g., high thermal and electrical conductivities, high melting point, high hardness, and relatively high chemical stability. Tungsten carbides with a binder metal, for example Ni or Co, are mainly used to fabricate nozzles, molds and cutting tools in the composite..... More

Abstract
ZrO₂ is a promising candidate for knee and hip joint replacements due to its excellent combination of low density, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, a low fracture toughness of pure ZrO₂ at room temperature limits its wider application in the industry. One of the most obvious ways to solve the..... More

Abstract
Tungsten carbides are quite attractive for their superior properties, e.g., high melting point, high hardness, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and relatively high chemical stability. Tungsten carbides with a binder metal, for example Co or Ni, are mainly used to produce cutting tools, nozzles and molds in the composite form...... More

Abstract
4YSZ is generally used in fuel cells, oxygen sensors, hip and knee joint replacements and thermal barriers because of it excellent properties, including low density, high biocompatibility, good resistance against corrosion, hard phase and high melting point, and high ionic conductivity. However, 4YSZ with large grain has low resistance to..... More

Abstract
Al₂O₃ has a high Young’s modulus (380 GPa), a low density (3.98 g· cm^-3), good high-temperature mechanical properties, biocompatibility and excellent oxidation resistance. Al₂O₃ has been used for automotive, aerospace, bio-materials and various industrial applications. Despite its various merits, the low fracture toughness of the material below the brittle-ductile transition..... More

Abstract
Aluminum nitride (AlN) has several attractive properties including high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation, a thermal expansion coefficient close to that of Si and low density. Accordingly, it is considered a promising packing material and substrate for high power integrated circuits. However, its low fracture toughness at room temperature limits..... More

Abstract
In spite of the many attractive properties of (W,Ti)C, its low fracture toughness limits its wide application. To improve the fracture toughness generally a second phase is added to fabricate a nanostructured composite. In this regard, graphene was considered as the reinforcing agent of (W,Ti)C. (W,Ti)C-graphene composites that were sintered..... More

Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) has been used extensively in coating materials and cutting tools because of its attractive properties, which include low density, high melting point, high hardness and thermodynamic stability. However, like many ceramic materials, its low fracture toughness limits wide industrial application. The methods generally utilized to improve its..... More

Abstract
Graphite fiber attracted much attention in the area of aluminum based composite due to its low density and high strength. However, one of the major drawbacks in fabricating graphite reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) is that aluminum generally does not wet graphite. Therefore, it is difficult to impregnate the graphite..... More

Abstract
Since their development in the 1970s ZrO₂ ceramics have been shown to be promising alternative materials for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, ZrO₂ is so brittle that in vivo failure can result from fracture of the ceramic femoral head and fracture of the ceramic acetabular..... More

Abstract
Despite of many attractive properties of TiN, the current concern about the TiN focuses on its low fracture toughness below the ductile-brittle transition temperature. To improve its mechanical properties, the approach generally utilized has been the addition of a second phase to form composites and to make nanostructured materials. In..... More

Abstract
Despite of the many attractive properties of TiO₂, its low fracture toughness limits many industrial applications. To improve its fracture toughness, the approach commonly utilized has been the addition of a second phase, to form composites, and to make nanostructured composites. In this regard, highly dense nanostructured TiO₂ and TiO₂-graphene..... More

Abstract
The low mechanical properties of SiC limit its wide application despite many attractive properties. To improve the mechanical properties, a second phase has been generally added to make a nanostructured composite. In this respect, graphene was evaluated as the reinforcing agent of SiC. SiC-graphene composites were sintered within 2 min..... More

Abstract
CoTi and ZrO₂ nanopowders were mechanochemically synthesized from CoTiO₃ and Zr powders according to the reaction (2CoTiO₃ + 3Zr → 2CoTi + 3ZrO₂). The milled powders were then consolidated by pulsed current-activated sintering within two minutes under an applied pressure of 80MPa. The average hardness and fracture toughness of the..... More

Powder Metallurgy

Abstract
TiC-Co or TiC-Ni hard materials have been used for cutting tools. However, the high cost and the low hardness of Ni or Co, and the low corrosion resistance of the TiC-Ni and TiC-Co cermets have generated interest in recent years in using them as alternative binder phases. In this study,..... More