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Effect of Sn Content on Solidification Microstructure and Cracking in Cu-Sn Brazed Joints
Sn 조성 변화가 Cu-Sn 브레이징 접합부의 응고조직과 균열에 미치는 영향
Byungrok Moon, Seonghoon Yoo, Byeong Hwi Lee, Won Sik Hong, Jinwook Jeong, Namhyun Kang
문병록, 유성훈, 이병휘, 홍원식, 정진욱, 강남현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2025;63(5):370-379.   Published online 2025 May 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2025.63.5.370

Abstract
Solidification cracking in brazed joints is significantly influenced by solidification conditions and alloy composition, making it a critical factor for the reliability of parts and products. Numerous studies have been conducted to predict solidification cracking in processes like casting, welding, and joining, leading to the development of an index to..... More

                
Correlation Between Solidification Cracking and Composition Distribution in Green Laser Welds of Lithium-Ion Battery Busbars
그린레이저를 이용한 리튬 이온 배터리 버스바 용접부의 응고균열과 성분 분포 상관관계
Ye-Ji Yoo, Jeong-Hoi Koo, Hee-Shin Kang, Eun-Joon Chun
유예지, Jeong-Hoi Koo, 강희신, 천은준
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2025;63(5):356-369.   Published online 2025 May 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2025.63.5.356

Abstract
This study investigates the solidification cracking susceptibility of Cu-Steel laser welds used for cylindrical lithium-ion battery busbars. The research utilized green laser technology with three distinct beam patterns: Linear, Spiral + Wobble, and Circular + Wobble. Additionally, Ni-P coating layers of varying thicknesses (10, 50, 100 μm) were applied to..... More

                
Effect of Sb Doping on the Thermoelectric Properties of MNiSn (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) Half-Heusler Alloys Fabricated by a Rapid Solidification Process
급속 응고 공정으로 합성한 MNiSn (M=Ti, Zr, Hf) 하프-호이슬러에서 Sb 도핑이 열전 특성에 미치는 영향
Eunjin Park, Seong-Hoon Yi
박은진, 이승훈
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2025;63(4):243-250.   Published online 2025 Apr 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2025.63.4.243

Abstract
Among half-Heusler alloys, MNiSn (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) compounds have been extensively investigated due to their unique crystal structure and promising thermoelectric properties. However, forming the MNiSn half-Heusler single phase directly during the solidification process is challenging, necessitating a prolonged annealing step for homogenization. Rapid Solidification Processing (RSP) was..... More

                
Effect of Alloy Elements on Solidification Behavior and Castability in a Directionally Solidified Ni-Based Superalloy
일방향 응고 니켈기 초내열합금에서 합금원소가 응고거동 및 주조성에 미치는 영향
Sanghyeon Park, Jiho Gu, Jehyun Lee
박상현, 구지호, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2025;63(2):132-142.   Published online 2025 Feb 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2025.63.2.132

Abstract
IN792, a Ni-based superalloy, exhibits excellent mechanical properties at medium and high temperatures (600~900oC). However, it is known to be very susceptible to casting defects such as hot cracking and hot tearing during casting. This study investigated the effect of alloy elements such as Hf, Zr, and B on the..... More

                
Solidification Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi and Sn-0.75Cu-0.065Ni-1.5Bi Solder Alloys, and Microstructures in Joints Formed Using Them
Bi가 첨가된 Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi 및 Sn-0.75Cu-0.065Ni-1.5Bi 솔더 합금의 응고 거동 및 기계적 특성과 형성 접합부의 미세구조
Hye-Min Lee, Jung Tak Moon, Young-Woo Lee, Hui Joong Kim, Seul Gi Lee, Joug-Hyun Lee
이혜민, 문정탁, 이영우, 김휘중, 이슬기, 이종현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2024;62(7):511-523.   Published online 2024 Jun 28
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2024.62.7.511

Abstract
To form excellent solder joints in both thermal cycling and drop tests, Sn-2.5Ag-0.8Cu-0.05Ni-1Bi and Sn-0.75Cu-0.065Ni-1.5Bi composition solder balls were developed. In this study, undercooling and solidification characteristics of the alloys, resulting microstructural changes, the solid solution effect of Bi, physical properties, and interfacial reaction properties were investigated and compared with..... More

                   Web of Science 1  Crossref 1
Effect of Ni-P Coating Layer on the Solidification Cracking of Cu-Steel Dissimilar Welds for Li-Ion Battery Pack Manufacturing
리튬이온 배터리용 Cu-Steel 이종 레이저 용접부 응고균열에 미치는 Ni-P 도금의 영향
Jae-Hyeon Park, Myung-Jin Kim, Heeshin Kang, Eun-Joon Chun
박재현, 김명진, 강희신, 천은준
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2024;62(7):503-510.   Published online 2024 Jun 28
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2024.62.7.503

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a Ni-P coating layer on the solidification cracking behavior of Cu–mild steel dissimilar welds during the manufacturing of cylindrical Li-ion battery packs for electric vehicles. Four Cu plates were prepared and characterized: uncoated Cu and three levels (12, 50, and 100 μm) of Ni–P-coated..... More

                
Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ni-Base Superalloy IN738LC according to Solidification Rate and Heat Treatment
Ni기 초내열합금 IN738LC의 응고속도와 열처리에 따른 미세조직 및 인장 특성
Byung-Hoon Kim, Byeong-Ook Kong, Yun-Kon Joo, Young-Kyu Ju, Hyun-Uk Hong, Je-Hyun Lee
김병훈, 공병욱, 주윤곤, 주영규, 홍현욱, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2024;62(6):445-454.   Published online 2024 May 31
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2024.62.6.445

Abstract
The strength of Ni-base superalloys mainly depends on the γ' precipitates that improve the strength of the materials at high temperatures. The presence of γ' particles within the matrix restricts dislocation movement, and optimized heat treatments can tailor the size, shape, and volume fraction of γ'. In this study the..... More

                
Effect of Single Crystal Growth and Solidification Grain Boundaries on Weld Solidification Cracking Behavior of CMSX-4 Superalloy
CMSX-4 초내열합금 용접 응고균열 거동에 미치는 단결정 성장 및 응고결정립계의 영향
Kyeong-Min Kim, Ye-Seon Jeong, D.V. Kiran, Suk-Hwan Kwon, Seong-Moon Seo, Eun-Joon Chun
김경민, 정예선, D.V. Kiran, 권석환, 서성문, 천은준
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2024;62(1):22-31.   Published online 2023 Dec 29
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2024.62.1.22

Abstract
Single-crystal superalloys have been popularly employed in high-temperature parts of gas turbines, such as blades. However, the welds of such alloys are highly susceptible to solidification cracking, which limits their applicability to high-temperature turbine blades. In this study, the effects of characteristics of weld solidification on solidification cracking susceptibilities (solidification..... More

                   Crossref 1
Study on Solidification and Phase Transformation Behaviors in Ni-based Superalloy IN625
IN 625 초내열합금의 응고거동 및 상변태 온도 분석
Seonghyo Ham, Junho Park, Changyong Jo, Seungcheol Yang, Yunkon Joo, Jiho Gu, Jehyun Lee
함성효, 박준호, 조창용, 양승철, 주윤곤, 구지호, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2023;61(4):261-268.   Published online 2023 Mar 22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2023.61.4.261

Abstract
The solidification and phase transformation behaviors of IN625 with low C and Fe were investigated through directional solidification and quenching experiments. The primary and secondary dendrite arm spacing decreased exponentially as the solidification rate increased, demonstrating good agreement with theoretical equations. The MC carbide formed at a constant temperature gradient..... More

                   Web of Science 4  Crossref 5
Method of Suppressing Solidification Cracking by Laser Surface Melting and Epitaxial Growth Behavior for Directionally Solidified 247LC Superalloy
레이저 급속 표면용융에 따른 일방향응고 247LC 초내열합금의 에피택셜 성장 및 응고균열 억제 방안
Kyeong-Min Kim, Eun-Joon Chun
김경민, 천은준
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2023;61(4):252-260.   Published online 2023 Mar 22
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2023.61.4.252

Abstract
In this study, the relationship between solidification cracking and epitaxial growth behavior with the high-speed laser surface melting of a directionally solidified 247LC superalloys was fundamentally and metallurgically investigated, to develop a successful welding procedure for the next generation of gas turbine blades. Under typical laser surface melting conditions (scan..... More

                   Web of Science 2  Crossref 3
Analysis of a Single Crystal Solidification Process of an Ni-based Superalloy using a CAFE Model
CAFE 모델을 사용한 니켈기 초내열합금 단결정 응고공정 해석
Jae Jun Jeong, HyungSoo Lee, Dae Won Yun, Hi Won Jeong, Young-Soo Yoo, Seong-Moon Seo, Je Hyun Lee
정재준, 이형수, 윤대원, 정희원, 유영수, 서성문, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2023;61(2):126-136.   Published online 2023 Jan 27
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2023.61.2.126

Abstract
The efficiency of gas turbines depends on the gas turbine working temperature. Single crystal blades are being applied more often than equiaxed blades in gas turbine engines, to increase the turbine inlet temperature, resulting in enhanced turbine engine efficiency. Single crystal blades endure creep conditions at high temperature better than..... More

                   Web of Science 3  Crossref 4
Effect of ERNiFeCr-2 Filler Metal on Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of CM247LC Superalloy Welds
ERNiFeCr-2 용가재 적용에 따른 CM247LC 초내열합금 용접부 응고균열 민감도 변화 거동
Kyeong-Min Kim, Hye-Eun Jeong, Ye-Seon Jeong, Uijong Lee, Hyungsoo Lee, Seong-Moon Seo, Eun-Joon Chun
김경민, 정혜은, 정예선, 이의종, 이형수, 서성문, 천은준
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2021;59(10):698-708.   Published online 2021 Sep 6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2021.59.10.698

Abstract
The metallurgical aspects of weld solidification cracking in Ni-based superalloys (with Ti+Al > 5 mass%) have not been widely investigated thus far. Herein, the solidification cracking susceptibility of the CM247LC superalloy and its welds with ERNiFeCr-2 filler wire was quantitatively evaluated using a novel modified Varestraint testing method, for the..... More

                   Crossref 3
Effect of Cladding Conditions on Solidification Cracking Behavior during Dissimilar Cladding of Inconel Alloy FM 52 and 308L Stainless Steel to Carbon Steel: Evaluation of Solidification Brittle Temperature Range by TransverseVarestraint Test
인코넬 FM52 및 308L 스테인리스강을 이용한 탄소강 이종 클래딩 및 공정변수에 따른 응고균열 발생 거동 변화: Transverse-Varestraint 시험을 이용한 응고취성 온도범위 평가
Yookyung Kim, Byungrok Moon, Namhyun Kang, Eun-Joon Chun
김유경, 문병록, 강남현, 천은준
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2020;58(6):403-412.   Published online 2020 May 14
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2020.58.6.403

Abstract
In this study, solidification cracking behavior and susceptibility in dissimilar cladding of Inconel alloy FM 52, 308L stainless steel to carbon steel, was investigated by submerged arc welding and transverse−Varestraint testing with gas tungsten arc welding. The effect of cladding conditions on cracking behavior and susceptibility was extensively evaluated, and..... More

                   Web of Science 8  Crossref 6
Microstructural Evolution with Solidification Rate and Heat-Treatment of Single Crystal Superalloy CMSX-4 Grown using Seed
Seed를 이용한 단결정 초내열합금 CMSX-4에서 응고속도 및 열처리에 따른 미세조직 변화
Suncheol Kwon, Jongho Shin, Geunyoung Rim, Gitae Sung, Byunggwan Yoon, Euisuk Jung, Jehyun Lee
권순철, 신종호, 임근영, 성기태, 윤병관, 정의석, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2018;56(10):745-754.   Published online 2018 Oct 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2018.56.10.745

Abstract
The CMSX-4 superalloy including refractory elements was directionally solidified using the seed of a [001] single crystal to control the growth direction to [001], where solidification velocity was changed from 25 to 160 μm/s. In the log-log plot between spacing and solidification velocity, the primary dendrite arm spacing and secondary..... More

                   Crossref 3
Prediction of Primary Dendrite Arm Spacing with Solidification Velocity and Temperature Gradient during Directional Solidification in CMSX-4 Superalloy
CMSX-4 초내열합금에서 일방향 응고속도와 온도경사의 변화에 따른 1차 수지상 간격 예측
Jongho Shin, Changhoon Sung, Suncheol Kwon, Sukhwan Kwon, Byungmoon Chang, Jehyun Lee
신종호, 성창훈, 권순철, 권석환, 장병문, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2018;56(9):674-679.   Published online 2018 Sep 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2018.56.9.674

Abstract
Directional solidification experiments were carried out to estimate the effect of solidification velocity and temperature gradient on primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) in the Ni-based superalloy, CMSX-4 alloy. The specimens were solidified at velocities of 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 mm/s under given temperature gradients of 12.5, 18, 23..... More

                   Crossref 3
Formation of Delta Ferrite with Solidification Rates in 10Cr1MoW Steel
10Cr1MoW강에서 응고속도에 따른 δ 페라이트 형성거동
Suncheol Kwon, Yunkon Joo, Changhoon Sung, Myunggyun Son, Jongho Shin, Seongmoon Seo, Jehyun Lee
권순철, 주윤곤, 성창훈, 손명균, 신종호, 서성문, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2018;56(8):589-596.   Published online 2018 Aug 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2018.56.8.589

Abstract
Martensitic 10Cr1MoW steels are widely used for high temperature components in turbine engines because they have good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Delta-ferrite can form locally in large ingots and the ferrite phase degrades the metal’s high-temperature properties. To decrease the fraction of delta-ferrite the solidification process should be controlled...... More

                   Crossref 1
Effects of Welding Consumables on the Solidification Cracking in SAW Weld Metal of Medium Carbon Steel
중탄소강 SAW 용접금속의 응고 균열 발생에 미치는 용접재료의 영향
Kook-soo Bang, Woo-hyun Song, Hong-chul Jung
방국수, 송우현, 정홍철
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2018;56(2):137-145.   Published online 2018 Feb 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2018.56.2.137

Abstract
The effects of submerged-arc welding consumables, wire and flux, on solidification cracking in the weld metal of medium-carbon steel were investigated. It showed that weld metal with a greater amount of C, S, and P had a wider brittleness temperature range, BTR, which resulted in longer total and maximum crack..... More

    
Enhanced Mechanical Properties by Directional Solidification and Cold Drawing in Cu Added Zn-Al Alloys
Cu가 첨가된 Zn-Al 합금에서 일방향응고 및 냉간인발에 따른 기계적 특성 향상
Hae Chang Jeong, Min Soo Kim, Jee Hyuk Ahn, Sung Hwan Lim, Seung Zeon Han, Jehyun Lee, Kwang Ho Kim
정해창, 김민수, 안지혁, 임성환, 한승전, 이재현, 김광호
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2017;55(8):529-536.   Published online 2017 Aug 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2017.55.8.529

Abstract
The lamellar structure of two phases, the Zn-rich and Al-rich phases, is formed in a Zn-5 wt% Al eutectic alloy. In order to study the effect of microstructural changes on the tensile properties of eutectic Zn-Al binary alloy, Zn-Al and Zn-Al-Cu alloys were directionally solidified at a growth rate of..... More

    
Capture and Solidification of Rare Earth Nuclide (Nd) in LiCl-KCl Eutectic Salt Using a Synthetic Inorganic Composite
무기합성매질을 이용한 LiCl-KCl 공융염 내 희토류 핵종(Nd)의 포집 및 고화
Na-Young Kim, Hee-Chul Eun, Hwan-Seo Park, Do-Hee Ahn
김나영, 은희철, 박환서, 안도희
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2017;55(6):419-426.   Published online 2017 Jun 1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2017.55.6.419

Abstract
In this study, neodymium (Nd) nuclides in LiCl-KCl eutectic salts were captured and solidified using a synthetic inorganic composite (Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3-B2O3), a process that allows the selective capture of Nd and fabrication of a composite with Nd captured from waste, without additional additives or mixing. The Nd nuclides in the LiCl-KCl..... More

    
Simulation and Experimental Study on the Steady Conduction Solution for Continuous Rheo-Casting for A356 Alloy
Do Minh Duc, Nguyen Hong Hai, Pham Quang
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2017;55(3):202-208.   Published online 2017 Mar 3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2017.55.3.202

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamic modeling of a continuous rheo-casting technology was conducted, consistent with the manufacturing of 3 mm-thin plates made of aluminum alloy A356. The A numerical simulation on of the stabilizing time of the material crystallization was carried out using the ANSYS FLUENT code. Solidification and melting models were..... More

    
Evolution of the Solidification Microstructures in Directionally Solidified CM247LC Rod
CM247LC 초내열합금에서 일방향응고에 따른 응고조직 변화
Jeongseok Lee, Seokhwan Kown, Byunggwan Yoon, Byungmoon Chang, Yongil Jung, Jehyun Lee
이정석, 권석환, 윤병관, 장병문, 정연길, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2016;54(11):838-845.   Published online 2016 Nov 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2016.54.11.838

Abstract
Directional solidification of CM247LC was performed at a constant growth velocity (300 mm/h) using a Bridgman type furnace. Microstructural features, including the number of grains, PDAS, and EBSD IPF map, were investigated with progressive positions from the starter block. As directional solidification proceeded, the number of grains decreased and PDAS..... More

       Crossref 4
Casting/Solidification/Heat Treatment
Solidification Segregation and Homogenization Behavior of 1Cr-1.25Mo-0.25V Steel Ingot
1Cr-1.25Mo-0.25V 강 잉곳의 응고편석 및 균질화 거동
Dong-Bae Kim, Young-Sang Na, Seong-Moon Seo, Je-Hyun Lee
김동배, 나영상, 서성문, 이재현
Korean J. Met. Mater. 2016;54(9):659-671.   Published online 2016 Sep 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3365/KJMM.2016.54.9.659

Abstract
As a first step to optimizing the homogenization heat treatment following high temperature upset forging, the solidification segregation and the homogenization behaviors of solute elements were quantitatively analyzed for 1Cr-1.25Mo-0.25V steel ingot by electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA). The random sampling approach, which was designed to generate continuous compositional profiles of..... More

    
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